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91.
Carmela Protano Malgorzata Owczarek Arianna Antonucci Maurizio Guidotti Matteo Vitali 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(7):358
The aim of this research is to evaluate the ability of transplanted lichen Pseudovernia (P). furfuracea to biomonitor and bioaccumulate in urban indoor environments. The elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb and 12 selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used to assess P. furfuracea as a biomonitoring tool for the indoor air quality of school environments. To achieve this purpose, lichen samples were exposed for 2 months in the outdoor and indoor environments of five school settings located in urban and rural areas. The results demonstrated that transplanted lichen P. furfuracea is a suitable biomonitoring tool for metals and PAHs in indoor settings and can discriminate between different levels of air pollution related to urbanisation and indoor conditions, such as those characterised by school environments. A transplanted lichen biomonitoring strategy is cost-effective, “green”, educational for attending children and less “invasive” than traditional air sampling methods. The feasibility of indoor monitoring by P. furfuracea is a relevant finding and could be a key tool to improve air quality monitoring programmes in school scenarios and thus focus on health prevention interventions for children, who are one of the most susceptible groups in the population. 相似文献
92.
Elisa Costa Veronica Piazza Chiara Gambardella Roberto Moresco Ermelinda Prato Francesca Biandolino Daniele Cassin Margherita Botter Daniela Maurizio Raffaele D’Adamo Adele Fabbrocini Marco Faimali Francesca Garaventa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(13):12755-12769
The Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy) is a semi-enclosed and strongly polluted basin. For decades, it has been subjected to different anthropogenic impacts. These stressors caused severe sediments contamination with high concentration of different pollutants (PAHs, PCB, heavy metals). In order to assess the current status of sediments contamination, an ecotoxicological investigation combined with chemical analysis (heavy metals, PAH, and PCB) has been performed. In order to derive ecologically relevant conclusions, a multiorganisms and multiend-points approach has been applied, exposing organisms from different trophic levels to elutriate and whole sediment. The battery of bioassays consists of a microalgal growth inhibition test (Dunaliella tertiolecta), acute and sublethal assays (end-points: mortality, immobilization and swimming speed alteration) on crustaceans larvae and juveniles, and rotifers (Amphibalanus amphitrite, Artemia salina, Corophium insidiosum and Brachionus plicatilis), and embryotoxicity test on echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus). Considering the high levels of sediment contamination highlighted from chemical analysis, an unexpected very low toxic effect was observed, even considering the sublethal end-point (larval swimming speed alteration). The results of this study suggest a very complex contaminants dynamic in the Mar Piccolo sediments that, despite a strong level of contamination, seems to not affect in a proportional manner the biological compartment. 相似文献
93.
Lawrence J.H. Schulze Edward Stanton Anupam Patel Maurizio Cheli 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1-2):31-40
Hand cranks are used in a variety of industries to actuate valves and in other gear-operated applications. In order to evaluate these types of operations and their compatibility with operator strength capabilities, a rotational dynamometer was used to measure torque production capability of operators using a hand crank at different heights and angles (with respect to the coronal plane). The tests were conducted for both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations using the dominant arm of each test participant. A total of 18 tests were completed by each of five male right-handed test participants. A 0° declination angle, counterclockwise operation, and both 40.65 cm and 60.96 cm heights were found to be associated with the greatest torque production capabilities. 相似文献
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Owoyemi Jacob Mayowa Opara Emmanuel Uchechukwu Akande Samuel Olumide Olarenwaju Joshua Tosin Fuwape Joseph Adeola 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(8):10309-10336
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Siting of buildings in rural urban development requires that the prevalence of termite activities is considered. The severity of termite activities... 相似文献
96.
The historical floods that have occurred since the seventeenth century were collected for a study area in southern Italy. Damages caused by floods, rainfall and the main anthropogenic modifications are discussed all together. The aim was to assess whether the frequency of floods is changing and, if so, whether these changes can be attributed to either rainfall and/or anthropogenic modifications. In 4?% of cases, mainly occurred in past centuries, floods damaged people. Hydraulic works, roads and private buildings were the more frequently damaged elements (25, 18 and 14?% of the cases, respectively). The annual variability of rainfall was discussed using an annual index. Short duration-high intensity rainfalls were characterized considering time series of annual maxima of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24?h and daily rainfall. The rainfall shows a decreasing trend, in terms of both the annual maximum of short duration and the annual amount. The population has been progressively increasing since the sixteenth century, except during the years following the catastrophic 1908 earthquake. The rate of population growth has been very high since the second half of the twentieth century; the urbanized areas greatly increased, especially following the second half of the twentieth century. At the same time, the trend of damaging floods has been increasing, especially since the seventies. The analysis indicates that, despite a rainfall trend favourable towards a reduction in flood occurrence, floods damage has not decreased. This seems to be mainly the effect of mismanagement of land use modifications. 相似文献
97.
Marco Beccali Maurizio Cellura Maria Iudicello Marina Mistretta 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(7):1415-1428
Though many studies concern the agro-food sector in the EU and Italy, and its environmental impacts, literature is quite lacking in works regarding LCA application on citrus products. This paper represents one of the first studies on the environmental impacts of citrus products in order to suggest feasible strategies and actions to improve their environmental performance. In particular, it is part of a research aimed to estimate environmental burdens associated with the production of the following citrus-based products: essential oil, natural juice and concentrated juice from oranges and lemons. The life cycle assessment of these products, published in a previous paper, had highlighted significant environmental issues in terms of energy consumption, associated CO2 emissions, and water consumption. Starting from such results the authors carry out an improvement analysis of the assessed production system, whereby sustainable scenarios for saving water and energy are proposed to reduce environmental burdens of the examined production system. In addition, a sensitivity analysis to estimate the effects of the chosen methods will be performed, giving data on the outcome of the study. Uncertainty related to allocation methods, secondary data sources, and initial assumptions on cultivation, transport modes, and waste management is analysed. The results of the performed analyses allow stating that every assessed eco-profile is differently influenced by the uncertainty study. Different assumptions on initial data and methods showed very sensible variations in the energy and environmental performances of the final products. Besides, the results show energy and environmental benefits that clearly state the improvement of the products eco-profile, by reusing purified water use for irrigation, using the railway mode for the delivery of final products, when possible, and adopting efficient technologies, as the mechanical vapour recompression, in the pasteurisation and concentration of juice. 相似文献
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100.
Tiziano Gomiero Maurizio G. Paoletti David Pimentel 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2010,23(5):403-434
Biofuels have lately been indicated as a promising source of cheap and sustainable energy. In this paper we argue that some
important ethical and environmental issues have also to be addressed: (1) the conflict between biofuels production and global
food security, particularly in developing countries, and (2) the limits of the Human Appropriation of ecosystem services and
Net Primary Productivity. We warn that large scale conversion of crops, grasslands, natural and semi-natural ecosystem, (such
as the conversion of grasslands to cellulosic ethanol production, or plantation of sugar cane and palm oil), may have detrimental
social and ecological consequences. Social effects may concern: (1) food security, especially in developing countries, leading
to an increase of the price of staple food, (2) transnational corporations and big landowners establishing larger and larger
landholdings in conflict with indigenous areas and the subsistence of small farmers. Ecological effects may concern: (1) competition
with grazing wild and domesticated animals (e.g., millions of grazing livestock in USA prairies), (2) an excessive appropriation
of Net Primary Production from ecosystems, (3) threatening biodiversity preservation and soil fertility. We claim that is
it well known how ecological and social issues are strictly interwoven and that large scale biofuels production, by putting
high pressure on both fronts, may trigger dangerous feedbacks, also considering the critical fact that 9 billion people are
expected to inhabit the planet by 2050. There is a need to conduct serious and deep analysis on the environmental and social
impact of large scale biofuels production before important energy policies are launched at global level. Biofuels will not
represent an energetic panacea and their role in the overall energy consumption will remain marginal in our present highly
energivorous society, while their effect on food security and environment preservation may have detrimental results. We should
also have the courage to face two key issues: (1) we cannot keep increasing resources consumption at present pace, and have
to change our life style accordingly, and (2) we have to deal with population growth; we cannot expect to have 9–10 billions
people inhabiting the earth by 2050, without this representing a major impact on its support system. 相似文献